This is the first part of the web 3 special project.0 – a new stage in the development of the World Wide Web.

In this material, we will talk about the history of online world, decentralization, reasons for the transition to Web 3.0 and technology “under the hood” of the new network. Waves specialists shared their opinions about the future of the third version network.

Brief history of the network

Web (World Wide Web) is a distributed system of information resources-websites connected by hyperlinks. Physically, resources are located on different computers connected to the Internet. Work of the web is based on a URL link and DNS server. URL (Uniform Resource Locators) – these are links like https: // forklog.COM – Readed addresses of pages and documents on the network. And the DNS servers associate such links to the physical addresses of computers on the Internet.

The Internet is a global connection system between computers. These are fiber -optic cables at the bottom of the ocean, copper wires in apartments and protocols for the exchange of information and identifying devices. In addition to the Web Internet, Email and other data transmission systems serve.

Web 1.0

Someone else remembers the world before the coming of the World Wide Web. For the sake of news or favorite programs, people gathered at TVs and radio on schedule. Reports and films were produced by large companies or state enterprises, and there was no feedback with the authors. Analysis of the audience was limited to surveys and special devices like Nielsen auditers, which had to be installed in the homes of the audience in order to automatically collect TV viewing statistics or listening to radio.

In 1989, CERN Employee Tim Berners-Lee invented web. A year later, he developed the first web browser. In 1991, the browser was involved in the exchange of information between scientific organizations and soon presented the general public. And on August 6, 1991, Berners-Lee posted the first website on the first web server with the address http: // Info.Cern.Ch/. There, the inventor submitted instructions for using programs for working with web, and later – a catalog of other sites.

First website in history

With the advent of websites, content, which was previously supplied on a schedule on radio and TV, became available at any time from any computer connected to the Internet.

In 1993, CERN made WWW technology public property. In 1994, Tim Berners-Lee founded a consortium of the World Wide Web Consortium, W3C)-an organization that develops technical standards for the web and the Internet. The era of Web 1 began.0.

With the advent of websites, content, which was previously supplied on a schedule on radio and TV, became available at any time from any computer connected to the Internet.

Berners-Lee himself described Web 1.0 as a network “Read-only Web). This characteristic reflects that the information was presented on static pages.

Most users consumed content posted on the network by a minority. The network was inhabited by simple resources: ads with announcements, online stores of stores, thematic forums and personal pages. The ability to comment on content was limited to a separate guest page on the site, and the comments had to be sent using an email client.

The early World Wide Web was a chaotic decentralized system of many independent computers that communicated directly through modems and telephone networks. Later, the Internet connection has become more accessible thanks to centralized Internet providers and dedicated lines.

Powerful personal computers became more affordable for users. DHTML and AJAX technologies arose, on which modern web applications are based.

By the end of the 90s, the popularity of Internet companies and overstated expectations from the new post-industrial economy led to investment excitement. People willingly invested in Dotcom – companies with business on the Internet. Such companies often sought to scale rather at the expense of investors’ money and often did not make a profit at all. In this mode, the money quickly ended, the companies liquidated, and investors were disappointed. In 2000, the “collapse of the dotcom” began: many Internet companies went bankrupt, and the remaining divided business niches among themselves and became modern web giants. The industry has changed, but the transition to new technologies was only part of these changes.

At the same time, the main innovations of the next era were not in technology, but in the methods of using technology.

The main innovations of the next era were not in technology, but in the methods of using technology.

Web 2.0

For the first time used the term Web 2.0 Darcy Dinucci in 1999. Under Web 2.0 Dinucci meant the future of the network in which HTML technologies and hyperlinks are used by many different devices. Today, these ideas are more likely to describe the technology of the Internet of things, and the term web 2.0 acquired a new meaning.

The second life of the concept began after the first web 2.0 Conference in 2004. Then, in their reports, Dale Dieroti and the famous publisher Tim O’Reili described the new web as a platform for applications and emphasized the value of the content that users themselves generate.

Web 2.0 Now is a network of interactive websites and platforms where users produce content, not the owner of the resource. Facebook, YouTube and Twitter – platforms of the Web 2 era.0, focused on user content and social interactions.

The mobile revolution of the early 2000s gave us pocket computers that can record and publish content. There are sites created to view content on mobile devices. Lack of binding to the desktop with a home PC, along with location sensors in smartphones, opened a niche for geolocation services. Mobile applications and platforms have arisen to spread.

The new web became popular crowdfunding projects like Kickstarter and Indiegogo.

It has become easier for people with publicly available means to spread content to other people around the world. As a result, in our speech, concepts were fixed to describe new social phenomena on the network: “trolling”, “flood” and “spam”.

1. In the world without the World Wide Web, we gathered at the TVs to watch an evening news report prepared by professional journalists.
2. In the world web 1.0 We got the opportunity to see the same news report on the PC screen at a convenient time.
3. In the world web 2.0 It became possible to track news in Facebook users and publish your own observations where and anywhere.

Large Internet providers have appeared with commercialization of the network, and Internet access has become a service of centralized organizations. This increased the quality of services and made the Internet a public. At the same time, large companies that are guided by financial interests and obey government agencies control access to the online.

In comparison with the last era, the network also became more centralized. Web giants of this period like Google, Facebook and Amazon control cloud services, large computing centers and data on millions of users.

Web 2 era.0 continues from the middle of the two thousandths, however, the idea of ​​the next stage of network development – Web 3.0 – formed in the first ten years of the existence of the World Wide Web.

If Amazon servers fail, businesses around the world will suffer. A clear example was the blocking of the Telegram service in Russia, because of which the country closed access to 800 thousand Amazon IP addresses.

Facebook control over personal data of hundreds of millions of users leads to large leaks like an incident with Cambridge Analytica in 2018.

Web 2 era.0 continues from the middle of the two thousandths, however, the idea of ​​the next stage of network development – Web 3.0 – formed in the first ten years of the existence of the World Wide Web.

Web 3.0

Tim Berners-Lee, 1990

The first central idea Web 3.0 – semantic web (Semantic Web). Not without the creator of the World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee, who first described the semantic web in 1994. Later, his 2001 Scientific American article brought popularity to the Internet community, and the concepts of “Web 3.0 “and” semantic web “became almost interchangeable. Now a semantic web is one of the main technologies at the heart of the new network.

In 2007, the author of the modern term Web 2.0 Tim O’rali distinguished the concepts of Web 3.0 and semantic web. O’Reilly described Web 3.0 as the interaction between the Internet and the offline world. This interaction is implemented thanks to sensors and smart devices-what is now called the “Internet of things”.

O’Reili also cited the controversial quote from the American author Nova Spivak:

“Web 3.0 – an era in which we will update the network of the network after a decade of focus on the front (Web 2.0 was about Ajax, tags and other front-ends in user experience).””

O’Reili did not agree that Web 2.0 – the era of the focus on the front -end, and insisted that all important breakthroughs of this period took place in the backend. However, the presentation of Spivak relative to the semantic web and technology of the next stage of the evolution of the network is justified. He wrote that web 3.0 will be the period from 2010 to 2020, and the semantic web will be an important part of the ecosystem. At the same time, other technological breakthroughs should occur. These breakthroughs were blockchain, machine learning and the already mentioned Internet of things.

In addition to technology progress, the new era of the network involves social and economic changes.

“Web 3.0 should not be understood exclusively as a term from the field of information technology. The development of new ways of online interaction requires people also sociocultural changes. This can be compared with how the social aspects of interaction between people in the 2000s have changed, when massive Internet access and social networks spread to most of the globe, finally destroying the boundaries of ownership and deterrence of information, ”Alexander Ivanov, founder and general director of WAVES.

In pursuit of the changing market, web and IT giants are invested in solutions for the new web 3 niche 3.0, but they still will not have the usual advantage over young projects. Not all major players in the market will be able to survive the transition.

“All giants sooner or later pay attention to the emerging technologies. But technological revolutions very rarely begin with large players. We expect more to the appearance of new unicorns, as Facebook and Amazon were at one time, rather than the effective transformation of old players into something new, ”Gleb Sychev, marketing director Waves.

Web 3.0 today

Web 3.0-this is a web infrastructure of several main technologies: blockchain, machine learning and AI, semantic web and the Internet of things. Each of these technologies is an integral part of the future network with its role in the ecosystem.

Let’s start with semantic web. The essence of this concept is to make all the information on the network of readable and “understandable” for machines. To implement the semantic web of all information on the network, you need to assign metadata – information about information. Thanks to the metadata, the algorithm can “understand” the context, build logical relationships between pieces of information and form associations, almost like people.

A key element in the implementation of a semantic web is a set of specifications Resource Description Framework (RDF) from W3C. RDF is a model of description of information through special statements that are specially understandable to the machine – triplets. The triplet consists of three parts: “subject”, “predicate” and “object”.

The apple tree statement of the fruit tree in the RDF model will look approximately like “apple tree – enters many – fruit trees”.

The IBM Watson and the Tensorflow library from Google Brain – examples of popular initiatives in the field of machine learning and AI.

Concept Internet of Things, Iot) describes a network from many devices that are equipped with sensors and Internet connection, interact with each other and can be controlled remotely. The Internet of things connects the world of web applications with the world of “smart” physical objects: toasters, cars and houses.

Technologies of the Smart House like castles and thermostats with remote control – an element of the Internet of things. Such a house can automatically regulate heating and lighting, recognize the owner at the front door and notify the pie forgotten in the oven. This is because each switch, thermostat and kitchen devices installed sensors and controllers that exchange data and instructions over the Internet.

According to Techjury forecasts, by 2025 the number of devices connected to the Internet of things will exceed 64 billion.

According to Techjury forecasts, by 2025 the number of devices connected to the Internet of things will exceed 64 billion.

For Web 3.0 The device of the Internet of things is not only the terminals of access to the network, but also constant sources of data about the physical world. So detailed and unbiased reports on the routes of people’s movement in traffic jams with bindings and geography accumulate on the network.

With advanced capabilities for the search and analysis of information on the network, such data can be used as you like: in urbanism, statistics or searching for the best route to the office. On the other hand, when control over the great data is a centralized structure, the risk of information leakage is growing. And the interests of such a structure may not coincide with the interests of the community.

Blockchain – Distributed database technology. Information in the blockchain is recorded in a chain of blocks related to a strictly defined sequence. The blockchain system is capable of working without a central administration and confidence between participants. Instead of the director, the decision in such a system is made through the vote. And the actions of the participants are subordinate to the consensus protocol – a set of rules for creating and writing blocks in the register.

In the blockchain of bitcoin, blocks contain information about cryptocurrency transactions between participants. The consensus protocol gives participants the right to add a block with transactions to the register only after solving a cryptographic puzzle.

In addition to financial transactions, blockchain can store any information: medical records, music or data from the thermometer in your living room.

Blockchain technology play the role of the binder element of the Web 3 ecosystem.0. The distributed register is the basis of a decentralized network infrastructure in which web applications can exchange information directly and all participants are equal.

“Web 3.0 It is worth considering as a new infrastructure layer – a decentralized network – which will develop along with traditional centralized technologies and give birth to hybrid models, ”said Gleb Sychev, marketing director Waves.

Thanks to decentralization, the transition to Web 3.0 can solve the problems of the opacity of web services, censorship on the network and the confidentiality of personal data. Open public register provides transparent reporting. Without central authorities, one participant cannot impose a solution to others or gain access to other people’s encrypted data.

“Blockchain solves the problem of trust between a large number of participants. The guarantor of the legitimacy of the operations is not a centralized organization, but the consensus mechanism, which is known to all participants. Developing this thought in the context of the Internet, we can say that Web 3.0 is a new transparent and decentralized version of the network ”, Alexander Ivanov, founder and general director of Waves.

Blockchain-infrastructure for Web 3.0 is already being built. For example, the Brave project offers an open code and a new approach to online advertising, the Storj project is a decentralized file storage system, and Waves Keeper is a universal solution for authorization.

Futuristic forecasts

This is not to say when exactly the Era Web 3 will come.0, but we can assume how our life will change as it transitions to it. Together with experts from the WAVES team, we have presented several such changes.

Smart search with new features WEB 3 search engines.0 are able to answer open questions and generate new information at the user’s request. The role of the search engine combined with the role of a personal assistant. Smart things implementing the Internet of things have made all the electronics smart and connected to the Internet. Toster, car and lamp autonomously collect data about the environment and send them to the distributed storage. The coffee maker knows when you want coffee and cooks it in advance while you sleep. Authorization no one remembers what login, password and phishing are. For authorization, special solutions have been introduced that encrypt and store the keys locally on the device. The user simply enters the desired resource, and the authenticator is engaged in access and safety. Decentralized applications, instead of familiar web applications, all use DApps-decentralized applications free from censorship and state restrictions. Convenient online platforms have been built to develop DAPPS where you can run, test and support applications of any complexity. In addition, the DAPP code is most often published, which means that anyone can check how this or that application works. Data democracy and big data on any user on the network is able to collect and analyze information no worse than a specialist research-it is enough to ask for an algorithmic assistant about this. In such conditions, information becomes more accessible and more transparent, since any statistics can be checked on your own. In total, the listed technologies make a worldwide network for the collection, storage and analysis of large data on a scale inaccessible to any of the existing corporations: billions of devices collect data, blockchain stores it, semantic web categorizes, and algorithms and AI analyzes it. Voting and the state voting apparatus are held in transparent blockchain systems, where users are authorized using safe decentralized solutions. Disruption manipulations, impostors in polling stations and errors in the calculations remained in the past. Like votes, information about public procurement and expenses is entered into an open, unchanged register, which is systematically checked by enthusiasts. The privacy in the decentralized network is no longer a single point of access to private information. All non -public data are encrypted and distributed in the storage. No one can decipher your medical records or personal correspondence without a key.

Conclusion

The transition to the new era is happening right now: for all basic concepts of infrastructure Web 3.0 there are prototypes, technologies continue to develop.

“The maturation of blockchain technologies and artificial intelligence is undergoing. Soon we will see more tools for the native association of databases and computing solutions, libraries for connecting different technological glasses, cross-platforms and standardization of information ”, Alexander Ivanov, founder and general director of Waves.

Technology progress makes the transition to Web 3.0 possible. Centralization of the network in the hands of web giants, systematic disturbances in data, problems of access to content and security make a transition to Web 3.0 inevitable.

This ends the theoretical part of the special project with the history and theory of Web 3.0. In the second part, we will consider the existing solutions for the Web 3 ecosystem in more detail.0 and their role in the new network.

Draw

Autominate on FORKLOG through Waves Keeper to participate in the Ledger Nano S hardware cryptocurular draw and 1000 Waves tokens (~ $ 1300).

To participate in a draw, get back on FORKLOG via Waves Keeper in a desktop browser with 17.08.2019 on thirty.08.2019. We will announce the address of the winner’s wallet 31.08.2019 In Telegram channels for Forklog and Waves.

The winner will need to confirm the ownership of the wallet. We will publish the instructions on the day of announcement of the results of the draw. Delivery of a hardware wallet will be issued through the courier service at the choice of the winner.

The winner will determine the blockchain-radoramer from FORKLOG and WAVES. This is our new secret development, we are already finishing the pages and soon we will publish everything.

Sponsor of a special project-Waves-supplier of blockchain solutions for the Web 3 ecosystem.0. Among the developments of the company: a platform for decentralized applications Waves Platform, a scalable blockchain for Waves Enterprise (formerly Vostok), Waves Keeper Authenticator Browser and Ride programming language.